In this blog post,we will learn about basic operators in java.Java operators are divided into six category.
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Fig;Operators in Java |
1-The Arithmetic Operators:
Arithmetic operators are used in mathematical expressions in the same way that they are used in algebra.The following table lists the arithmetic operators:Assume integer variable x holds 60 and variable y holds 40, then demo examples shows arithmetic operators.
1 - Addition Operators
Adds values on either side of the operator
Example: x+y will give 100
2 - Subtraction Operators
Subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand
Example: x - y will give 20
3 - Multiplication Operators
Multiplies values on either side of the operator
Example: x*y will give 240
4 -Division Operators
Divides left hand operand by right hand operand
Example: x /y will give 1.5
5 % Modulus
Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns remainder
Example: x % y will give 20
6 ++ Increment
Increases the value of operand by 1
Example: y++ gives 41
7 -- Decrement
Decreases the value of operand by 1
Example: y-- gives 19
2-The Relational Operators:
There are following relational operators supported by Java language.Assume variable x holds 10 and variable y holds 20, then:
Demo relational operators examples
1 == equal to
Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true or false.
Example: x==y is not true.
2 != not equal to
Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true or false.
Example: x ! = y is true.
3 (> greater than)
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
Example: x > y is not true.
4 (< less than)
Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
Example: x < y is true.
5 ( >= greater tha nor equal to)
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right
operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
Example x >= y is not true.
6 ( <= less than or equal to)
Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if
yes then condition becomes true.
example x <= y is true.
3-The Bitwise Operators:
Java defines several bitwise operators, which can be applied to the integer types,long, int, short,char,and byte.
Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit-by-bit operation.Assume if x =60; and y=13; The binary format of the given number as follows:
x = 0011 1100
y = 0000 1101
1 bitwise AND (Symbol " &")
Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.
Example: x & y will give 12 which is 0000 1100
2 bitwise OR (Symbol "|" )
Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand.
Example: x | y will give 61 which is 0011 1101
3 bitwise XOR (Symbol "^" )
Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.
Example: x ^ y will give 49 which is 0011 0001
4 bitwise compliment (Symbol "~" )
Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits.
Example: x will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in 2's complement form due to a signed binary number.
5 leftshift (Symbol "<<" )
Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand
Example: x << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000
6 rightshift (Symbol ">>" )
Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
Example: x >> 2 will give 15 which is 1111
7 zero fill right shift (Symbol ">>>" )
Shift right zero fill operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand and shifted values are filled up with zeros.
Example: x>>>2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111
4-The Logical Operators:
Assume Boolean variables x holds true and variable y holds false, then following below operator:
1 -logical AND (Symbol "&&" )
Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true.
Example x && y is false.
2 logical OR (Symbol "||" )
Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true.
Example x | | y is true.
3 logical NOT (Symbol "!" )
Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false.
Example if x && y is true then !x && y =false.
5-The Assignment Operators:
There are following assignment operators supported by Java language:
1 Assignment operator (Symbol "=" )
Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand.
Example: z = x + y will assign value of x + y into z.
2 Add AND assignment operator (Symbol "+=" )
It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand.
Example: z+= x is equivalent to z = z + x.
3 Subtract AND assignment operator (Symbol "-=" )
It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand.
Example:z -= x is equivalent to z = z - x
4 Multiply AND assignment operator (Symbol " *=" )
It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand.
Example: z *= x is equivalent to z = z* x
5 Divide AND assignment operator (Symbol "/=" )
It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand
Example z /= x is equivalent to z = z / x
6 Modulus AND assignment operator (Symbol "%=" )
It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand.
Example: z %= x is equivalent to z = z % x
7 Left shift AND assignment operator (Symbol "<<=" )
Example: z <<= 2 is same as z = z << 2
8 Right shift AND assignment operator (Symbol ">>=" )
Example x>>= 2 is same as x= x >> 2
9 Bitwise AND assignment operator (Symbol "&=" )
Example: z &=2 is same as z = z & 2
10 bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator (Symbol "^=" )
Example: z ^= 2 is same as z = z ^ 2
11 bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator (Symbol "|=" )
Example: y |= 2 is same as y = y | 2
6-Miscellaneous Operators
1-Conditional Operator or ternary operator (Symbol "? :" ):
This ternary operator consists of three operands and is used to evaluate Boolean expressions.The goal of the operator is to decide which value should be assigned to the variable. The ternary operator is written as below format:
variable x = (expression) ? value if true(Execute true block statement) : value if false (Execute false block statement)
Demo example:
public class XYZ {
public static void main(String args[]){
int x, y;
x = 50;
y= (a == 50) ? 100:50;
System .out.println ( "Value of b is : " + b );
y = (a == 20) ? 100:50;
System .out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );
}
}
This following above program produce the following result -
Value of y is : 100
Value of y is : 50
2-instanceof Operator:
The operator checks whether the object is of a particular type class type or interface type. instanceof operator is wriiten as:
( Object reference variable ) instanceof (class/interface type)
If the object referred by the variable on the left side of the operator passes the IS-A check for the class/interface type on the right side, then the result will be true.
Demo example:
public class DemoExample {
public static void main(String args[]){
String name = "xyz";
// following will return true if name is type of String
boolean result = name instanceof String;
System.out.println( result );
}
}
O/P
true
Precedence of Java Operators:
Operator precedence determines how an expression is evaluated.Certain operators have higher precedence than others; for example, the multiplication operator has higher precedence than the addition operator:
For example, x = 7 + 5 * 2; here x is assigned 17, not 24 because operator * has higher precedence than +, so it first gets multiplied with 5*2 and then adds into 10.Here, operators with the highest precedence appear at the top of the table, those with the lowest appear at the bottom.Within an expression,higher precedence operators will be evaluated first.
Category Operator Associativity
Postfix [] . dot operator Left to right
Unary ++ - - ! ~ Right to left
Multiplicative * / % Left to right
Additive + - Left to right
Shift >> >>> << Left to right
Relational > >= < <= Left to right
Equality == != Left to right
Bitwise AND & Left to right
Bitwise XOR ^ Left to right
Bitwise OR | Left to right
Logical AND && Left to right
Logical OR || Left to right
Conditional ?: Right to left
Assignment = += -= *= /= %= >>= <<= &= ^= |= Right to left
Comma , Left to right
Thank you so much sir
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